![]() ![]() Compared to the typical lab-based study with limited number of specimens and test results from a well-controlled environment for material processing and specimen preparation, the field study reflects more closely the true material variability in real construction. The logarithmic transformation provides a practical and convenient approach to design and to check the conformity of log-normally distributed SFRC properties adopting existing criteria. This leads to higher materials cost and higher producer's risk, which discourage the wider adoption and application of SFRC. The use of an assumed normal distribution of the residual flexural strengths of SFRC in the current design approach and conformity assessment results in more than 30% overdesign and more stringent acceptance criteria. The origin that leads to the log-normal distribution of the residual flexural strengths of SFRC is discussed. Results show that the residual flexural strengths of SFRC follow the log-normal distribution at large crack month opening displacement (CMOD). Variability of residual flexural strengths of SFRC are reported. In this study, a large number of SFRC specimens was sampled from a central mix concrete plant manufacturing precast SFRC elements for a real civil infrastructure project. However, variability of residual flexural strengths of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) has yet been statistically investigated. Variability of concrete properties has strong influences on design and conformity assessment. ![]() Cement and Concrete Composites, 123, 104207. Non-normal distribution of residual flexural strengths of steel fiber reinforced concretes and its impacts on design and conformity assessment. Subscriptions These items are not eligible for return.Įxchanges: Contact ACI’s Customer Services Department for options (+1.-normal distribution of residual flexural strengths of steel fiber reinforced concretes and its impacts on design and conformity assessment Return shipping fees are the customer’s responsibility.Įlectronic /Downloaded Products & Online Learning Courses: These items are not eligible for return. Printed / Hard Copy Products: The full and complete returned product will be accepted if returned within 60 days of receipt and in salable condition. ![]() For a listing of and access to all product errata, visit the Errata are not included for collections or sets of documents such as the ACI Collection. Document Detailsįormats: PDF, ePub, or Kindle Table of ContentsĬHAPTER 3-BASIS OF CODE CRITERIA FOR TRANSVERSE LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTIONģ.3-Empirical formulas for transverse live load distributionģ.4-AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridgesģ.5-AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specificationsģ.7-American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way AssociationĬHAPTER 4-SUMMARY AND USE OF REFINED METHODS OF ANALYSISĤ.5-Three-dimensional frame analysis methodĬHAPTER 5-IN-SERVICE EVALUATION AND LOAD RATING OF CONCRETE BRIDGESĥ.3-Load distribution for in-service evaluation and load ratingĥ.5-Characterizing lateral load distribution from load testingĬHAPTER 6-CASE STUDIES OF ANALYSIS METHODS AND LOAD TESTSĦ.4-Simply supported concrete girder bridges (with concrete decks)Ħ.5-Continuous concrete girder bridges (with concrete decks)Ħ.6-Steel girder bridges (with concrete decks)Īny applicable errata are included with individual documents at the time of purchase. Keywords: bridge analysis bridge load rating distribution factor equivalent beam analysis finite element grillage analysis live load testing load resistance transverse flexural load distribution. While this report is limited to flexural live load distribution, it provides the foundation for a future committee guide on the in-service evaluation of concrete bridges. The report also provides performing bridge load ratings with a practical synopsis of the various methods available for determining the live load distribution factor. A series of case studies are presented in the latter part of the report to serve as a comparison summary of commonly used live load distribution methods and their performance in describing the behavior of in-service structures. Included in the report are descriptions, a brief history, and background of the flexural load distribution phenomena and a summary of design and analysis methods used to describe the phenomena in practice. This report is intended to provide engineers, including load rating engineers, with basic guidance on the methods and tools available for determining live load distribution behavior of in-service bridges. Flexural live load distribution is critical to describing how loads are transmitted through a bridge system. This report provides a synthesis of the topic of flexural live load distribution and its applicability to concrete bridges. ![]()
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